Method | Injection equipment | System | Core theory | Sampling rates | Fault impedance | Depend on wavefront identification? | Depend on the DC boundary? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[13] | Additional device | MTDC | Traveling wave | 50 kHz | 10 Ω | Yes | Yes |
[14] | MMC | AC system | 1 MHz | 100 Ω | Yes | Yes | |
[15] | MMC | DC system | 10 kHz | 300 Ω | Yes | Yes | |
[16] | LCC | Hybrid HVDC system | 50 kHz | 100 Ω | Yes | Yes | |
[17] | DCCB | MTDC | 50 kHz | 200 Ω | Yes | Yes | |
[18] | DCCB | MTDC | 10 kHz | 200 Ω | Yes | Yes | |
[19] | Wind power | AC system | Fault analysis | 20 kHz | 50 Ω | No | No |
[20] | DCCB | MTDC | 10 kHz | 300 Ω | No | No | |
Proposed method | MMC | Hybrid MTDC | ≥ 5 kHz | 300 Ω | No | No |