Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

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The electric vehicle (EV) charging station is a critical part of the infrastructure for the wide adoption of EVs. Real-time simulation of an EV station plays an essential role in testing its operation under different operating modes. However, the large numbers of high-frequency power electronic switches contained in EV chargers pose great challenges for real-time simulation. This paper proposes a compact electromagnetic transient program (C-EMTP) algorithm for FPGA-based real-time simulation of an EV station with multiple high-frequency chargers. The C-EMTP algorithm transforms the traditional EMTP algorithm into two parallel sub-tasks only consisting of simple matrix operations, to fully utilize the high parallelism of FPGA. Compared with the traditional EMTP algorithm, the C-EMTP algorithm for the EV station reduces the simulation execution time by more than 65%, which means that the simulation accuracy for high-frequency power electronics is improved with smaller simulation time-step. A lightweight CPU-FPGA-based platform is developed and the simulation of the EV station is implemented. The control strategy is simulated in the CPU with 100μs time-step, while the EV station circuit topology is simulated in a single FPGA with a 250ns time-step. The EV station consists of a two-level rectifier and five dual-active bridge (DAB) EV chargers. It is tested under plug-and-play and fault operation scenarios, and the real-time simulation results are validated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Read more.