From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multi-objective energy management in microgrids with hybrid energy sources and battery energy storage systems
Emission (kg/yr)
Off-grid system
Grid only
Carbon Dioxide
446,628
922,950
Carbon Monoxide
1993
–
Unburned Hydrocarbons
47.9
Particulate Matter
32.1
Sulfur Dioxide
426
4001
Nitrogen Oxides
2923
1957