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Table 3 EEDR results in IEEE 14-bus and Algerian 114-bus systems in the case of line tripping

From: Power system voltage instability risk mitigation via emergency demand response-based whale optimization algorithm

System

Events

Location

Amount (%)

Total amount

Total cost [$/hr]

VSI

Before EEDR

After EEDR

IEEE 14-bus

Loss of the line (1–2)

4

5

7

14

9

47

14

4

15

35

21.4330 MW,

3.6351 MVAr

446.8791

0.0381

0.3004

Algerian 114-bus

Loss of the line (63–66)

89

68

92

67

4

45

2

69

6.3631 MW,

3.0578 MVAr

550.5759

0.1261

0.3000

Loss of the line (81–90)

89

68

92

67

41

0

2

0

8.4208 MW,

4.2103 MVAr

287.5827

0.1720

0.3001