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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 2 Causal effect inference results

From: An improved constraint-inference approach for causality exploration of power system transient stability

Cause → outcome

E(Ci|Di = 0)

E(Ci|Di = 1)

ACE

RACE

Tf → SI

0.18 (s)

0.24 (s)

 − 1.80

 − 30

Tf → Ssys

0.18 (s)

0.24 (s)

 − 0.40

 − 6.667

PG|0|→ SI

1.74 (pu)

2.27 (pu)

 − 2.47

 − 4.67

PG|0|→ Ssys

1.74 (pu)

2.27 (pu)

 − 0.72

 − 1.358

Tj → SI

15.27 (s)

24.71 (s)

1.43

0.152

δ|0|→ SI

31.52 (deg)

41.15 (deg)

 − 1.43

 − 0.148

Tj → Ssys

15.27 (s)

24.71 (s)

0.36

0.038

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