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Table 4 Comparison of two location methods

From: Fault location of untransposed double-circuit transmission lines based on an improved Karrenbauer matrix and the QPSO algorithm

Fault type

Fault location error with the proposed method (%)

Fault location error with the method in [22] (In the case of the zero order) (%)

Single phase ground fault (A-g)

0.6596

1.7527

Two-phase ground fault (AB-g)

0.1123

1.1441

Three phase ground fault (ABC-g)

0.2005

4.0004