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Table 4 The extra switching energy

From: Loss distribution analysis and accurate calculation method for bulk-power MMC

Topology

Extra switching energy

HBSM

Esw = Eon + Eoff + Erec

FBSM

Esw = Eon + Eoff + Erec

CDSM

Esw = 2Eon + 2Eoff + 2Erec