Distribution network state estimation based on attention-enhanced recurrent neural network pseudo-measurement modeling

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 3 Accuracy of pseudo measurements of PV output and active load under different models

Models	PV1	PV2	Load1	Load2	PV1	PV2	Load1	Load2
Models	RMSE (×10⁻¹ kW)				ESS (×10⁻³ kW)
GBDT	0.621	0.123	1.390	1.313	2.02	0.41	3.55	3.27
RF	0.606	0.119	1.378	1.319	1.73	0.34	3.41	3.27
BPNN	0.540	0.110	1.361	1.245	1.56	0.29	3.17	3.19
TRNN	0.490	0.104	1.332	1.231	1.47	0.27	3.05	3.11
LSTM	0.478	0.098	1.317	1.226	1.42	0.25	2.95	3.06
GRU	0.479	0.101	1.316	1.228	1.41	0.24	2.89	3.07
A-TRNN-PC	0.480	0.096	1.308	1.092	1.35	0.23	2.77	2.75
A-LSTM-PC	0.470	0.091	1.269	1.076	1.31	0.20	2.71	2.71
A-GRU-PC	0.471	0.090	1.272	1.075	1.33	0.20	2.73	2.71