Table 1 Simulation parameters

Equivalent rotational inertia (2H)

3 p.u.·s

Equivalent damping coefficient (D)

1 p.u.·Hz

Droop coefficient of DG (R_DG)

3 Hz/p.u

Time constant of governor (T_g)

0.08 s

Time constant of turbine (T_t)

0.4 s

Time constant of ESS (T_ESS)

0.04 s

Maximum spinning reserve (ΔP_rmax)

0.2 p.u

Participation factors (α, β)

(0.7, 0.3)

Rated capacities (S_DG, S_ESS)

200, 45 kVA

Maximum delay (d)

50 ms

Maximum rated frequency deviation (|Δf|_{max_rated})

0.2 Hz

H_∞ damping coefficient (γ)

7.5

Weighting coefficients (σ₁, σ₂)

(0.3, 0.7)

Step size (θ)

0.001

Termination threshold of iteration (χ)

0.001

Scaling factor (ε_min, ε_max)

(0.7, 1.3)

Sampling period (T_s)

0.1 s