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Table 2 Application comparison of various non-embedded temperature sensors

From: Sensing as the key to the safety and sustainability of new energy storage devices

Temperature sensor

Reference

Advantage

Disadvantage

Thermocouple

[39]

[40]

Accurate measurement. Wide measuring range

Strong anti-interference ability

Cumbersome to use

Costly

Non-linear

Not suitable for high volume use

Thermistor

[41]

Low cost

Wide measurement range and high sensitivity to temperature

Poor linearity

Small adjustable range

RTD

[42,43,44]

High accuracy

Stability

Incompatible sensor size and battery design

Slow response

FBG

[49]

[46]

[47]

[48]

High sensitivity

Accurate measurement

Fast response time

Exposed optical fiber is fragile

Needs to be packaged