Table 4 Reductions in \({\Delta \text{F}}_{1}\), \({\Delta \text{F}}_{2}\) and \({\Delta \text{P}}_{12}\) deviations due to 3 step load changes using COA
Optimizer | \({\Delta \text{F}}_{1}\) | \({\Delta \text{F}}_{2}\) | \({\Delta \text{P}}_{12}\) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st (%) | 2nd (%) | 3rd (%) | 1st (%) | 2nd (%) | 3rd (%) | 1st (%) | 2nd (%) | 3rd (%) | |
PSO | 4.30 | 6.16 | 4.48 | 5.97 | 19.53 | 14.52 | 28.10 | 10.23 | 16.73 |
WCA | 21.15 | 25.02 | 23.13 | – | 10.48 | 4.84 | 80.27 | 53.42 | 63.49 |
HBA | – | – | – | 44.78 | 30.85 | 38.71 | 51.08 | 49.99 | 47.68 |
AOS | – | – | – | 25.37 | 32.29 | 25.81 | 0.54 | 7.38 | 12.92 |