Table 1 Parameters of the proposed two-area power system

\({\text{H}}_{1}\)

3 s

\({\text{H}}_{2}\)

3 s

\({\text{D}}_{1}\)

1 pu

\({\text{D}}_{2}\)

1 pu

\({\text{R}}_{1}\)

0.05 pu

\({\text{R}}_{2}\)

0.05 pu

\({{\upbeta }}_{1}\)

21 pu

\({{\upbeta }}_{2}\)

21 pu

\({\text{F}}_{\text{H}\text{P}}\)

0.3

\({\text{T}}_{\text{W}}\)

1 s

\({\text{T}}_{\text{R}\text{H}}\)

7 s

\({\text{T}}_{\text{R}}\)

0.513 s

\({\text{T}}_{\text{C}\text{H}}\)

0.3 s

\({\text{T}}_{\text{G}\text{H}}\)

48.7 s

\({\text{T}}_{\text{G}}\)

0.2 s

\({\text{R}}_{\text{T}\text{d}}/{\text{R}}_{\text{P}\text{d}}\)

19.493

Type 3 wind turbine

PV

\({\text{H}}_{\text{w}\text{t}}\)

5.74 s

\({\text{R}}_{\text{s}}\)

0.134 Ω

\({\text{P}\text{I}}_{\text{T}}\)

\({\text{k}}_{\text{p}}=3\)

\({\text{R}}_{\text{P}\text{s}}\)

134.48 Ω

\({\text{k}}_{\text{i}}=0.3\)

\({\text{I}}_{\text{p}\text{h}\text{n}}\)

8.2527 A

\({\text{P}}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

3.6 MW

\(\text{M}\)

1.282

\({\text{T}}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

0

\({\text{T}}_{\text{r}\text{e}\text{f}}\)

25 °C

\({\text{T}}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

0.833 pu

\({\text{G}}_{\text{r}\text{e}\text{f}}\)

1000 \(\text{W}/{\text{m}}^{2}\)

Pitch angle and droop controller

\({\text{I}}_{\text{s}\text{c}}\)

8.2 A

Delay

0.1 s

\({\text{V}}_{\text{o}\text{c}}\)

33.12 V

Dead zone

0.001 pu

\({\text{K}}_{\text{i}}\)

0.037%/°C

\({\text{P}}_{\text{d}\text{r}\text{o}\text{o}\text{p},\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

−0.2 pu

\({\text{V}}_{\text{M}\text{P}\text{P}}\)

27.28 V

\({\text{P}}_{\text{d}\text{r}\text{o}\text{o}\text{p},\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

0.2 pu

\({\text{I}}_{\text{M}\text{P}\text{P}}\)

7.5 A

\({\text{P}\text{I}}_{\text{P}}\)

\({\text{k}}_{\text{p}}=50\)

\({\text{P}}_{\text{M}\text{P}\text{P}}\)

204.6 W

\({\text{k}}_{\text{i}}=4.5\)

Auxiliary storage

\({{\upbeta }}_{\text{a},\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

−10 degrees

\({\text{K}}_{\text{s}}\)

0.98 pu

\({{\upbeta }}_{\text{a},\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

10 degrees

\({{\uptau }}_{\text{s}}\)

0.03 s

\({{\uptau }}_{\text{d}}\)

0.3 s

\((\text{d}\text{P}{/\text{d}\text{t})}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

−0.1 pu/s

\({{\upbeta }}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

0 degree

\((\text{d}\text{P}{/\text{d}\text{t})}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

0.1 pu/s

\({{\upbeta }}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

27 degrees

\({\text{P}}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

− 0.1 pu

\((\text{d}{\upbeta }{/\text{d}\text{t})}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\)

−10 degrees/s

\({\text{P}}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

0.1 pu

\((\text{d}{\upbeta }{/\text{d}\text{t})}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\)

10 degrees/s