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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 2 Detail comparative analysis of the five approaches with 7 states

From: Novel Lyapunov-based rapid and ripple-free MPPT using a robust model reference adaptive controller for solar PV system

MPPT Techniques

State 1

State 2

State 3

State 4

State 5

State 6

State 7

Voltage ripple (V)

P&O

3.07

3.94

3.57

4.81

4.70

3.88

1.90

VSPO

2.60

3.42

3.27

4.61

4.04

2.70

1.10

INC

2.96

3.93

3.56

4.58

4.50

4.05

1.50

ANFIS

1.00

0.2

0.41

0.31

0.52

1.47

0.03

LRMRAC

0.1

0.13

0.016

0.093

0.068

0.50

0.02

Current ripple (A)

P&O

0.84

1.08

0.86

1.03

0.96

0.70

0.73

VSPO

0.66

0.95

0.69

1.01

0.71

0.67

0.40

INC

0.81

1.08

0.85

1.03

0.84

0.71

0.70

ANFIS

0.23

0.056

0.04

0.034

0.061

0.063

0.007

LRMRAC

0.028

0.037

0.022

0.022

0.015

0.028

0.004

Power loss (%)

P&O

3.50

2.56

3.77

2.46

2.78

3.40

4.19

VSPO

2.98

2.48

3.63

2.33

2.50

3.07

4.10

INC

3.50

2.55

3.78

2.46

2.78

3.41

4.19

ANFIS

0.62

1.07

2.55

1.53

1.41

2.11

3.14

LRMRAC

0.04

0.07

0.29

0.03

0.50

0.03

0.04

Average actual power (W)

P&O

822.2

830.1

655.9

664.8

496.9

493.8

816.3

VSPO

826.6

830.8

656.8

665.7

498.4

495.5

817.0

INC

822.2

830.1

655.8

664.8

496.9

493.7

816.3

ANFIS

846.7

842.8

664.2

671.2

503.9

500.4

825.2

LRMRAC

851.7

851.4

679.6

681.2

508.6

511.0

851.6

Average power output (W)

P&O

815.3

812.6

651.4

648.6

486.2

487.4

815.6

VSPO

824.1

821.1

659.1

659.8

491.3

493.7

823.9

INC

815.3

812.6

651.5

648.5

486.2

487.4

815.6

ANFIS

834.8

833.3

666.0

663.2

496.4

498.8

832.8

LRMRAC

842.5

842.2

668.2

669.9

501.5

505.3

841.8

Convergence time (s)

P&O

0.20

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.780

0.10

0.089

VSPO

0.16

0.10

0.10

0.19

0.748

0.10

0.065

INC

0.20

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.758

0.10

0.070

ANFIS

0.021

0.0062

0.04

0.07

0.014

0.014

0.0056

LRMRAC

0.0038

0.0053

0.005

0.006

0.0064

0.0081

0.0039

Tracking efficiency (%)

P&O

97.66

97.44

96.13

97.91

97.81

96.60

96.81

VSPO

98.73

98.46

98.37

98.16

98.81

98.85

98.79

INC

97.66

97.44

97.23

97.91

97.81

97.61

97.81

ANFIS

99.15

99.12

98.85

99.27

99.61

98.79

99.18

LRMRAC

99.96

99.93

99.70

99.78

99.81

99.07

99.88

Overall efficiency (%)

P&O

95.70

95.38

95.58

95.16

95.11

95.36

95.73

VSPO

96.73

96.38

96.70

96.81

96.11

96.58

96.71

INC

95.70

95.38

95.59

95.15

95.11

95.36

95.73

ANFIS

97.99

97.81

97.72

97.30

97.11

97.59

97.75

LRMRAC

98.89

98.85

98.04

98.29

98.11

98.84

98.81

RMSE error

P&O

0.0039

0.0221

0.0258

0.0172

0.0131

0.0175

0.0361

VSPO

0.0037

0.0220

0.0249

0.0168

0.0121

0.0168

0.0357

INC

0.0039

0.0221

0.0259

0.0172

0.0131

0.0174

0.0361

ANFIS

0.0006

0.0177

0.0234

0.0156

0.0091

0.0159

0.0312

LRMRAC

0.0003

0.0166

0.0215

0.0146

0.0031

0.0140

0.0251

MAE Error

P&O

0.0031

0.0218

0.0257

0.0172

0.0131

0.0173

0.0357

VSPO

0.0028

0.0218

0.0248

0.0167

0.0121

0.0157

0.0341

INC

0.0031

0.0218

0.0258

0.0171

0.0131

0.0172

0.0357

ANFIS

0.0005

0.0177

0.0233

0.0156

0.0091

0.0149

0.0252

LRMRAC

0.0003

0.0156

0.0124

0.0135

0.0031

0.0120

0.0141

MAPE error (%)

P&O

0.3591

2.562

3.772

2.519

2.563

3.382

4.193

VSPO

0.3215

2.552

3.644

2.476

2.543

3.079

4.100

INC

0.3610

2.565

3.784

2.516

2.563

3.375

4.188

ANFIS

0.0564

2.076

3.172

2.376

2.163

2.015

3.138

LRMRAC

0.0203

1.052

2.299

1.575

1.568

1.635

2.122

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