Reactive power optimization of a distribution network with high-penetration of wind and solar renewable energy and electric vehicles

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 2 Parameters of wind and PV generators and EVs in the 118-bus distribution system

Number	Wind speed (m s⁻¹)	Solar irradiation (W m⁻²)	Active power (kW)	Reactive capacity (\(\mathrm{kVar}\))
PV equipment
1		350	7.00	[− 21.91,21.91]
2		450	9.00	[− 21.17,21.17]
3		550	11.00	[− 20.20,20.20]
4		650	13.00	[− 18.97,18.97]
5		750	15.00	[− 17.44,17.44]
6		850	17.00	[− 15.49,15.49]
7		950	19.00	[− 12.96,12.96]
8		1050	21.00	[− 9.38,9.38]
Wind power generation
1	9		200.00	[− 136.60,151.11]
2	11		266.67	[− 92.13,121.48]
3	13		300.00	[− 69.90,106.67]
4	15		300.00	[− 69.90,106.67]
5	17		300.00	[− 69.90,106.67]
6	19		300.00	[− 69.90,106.67]
EV charging and battery change station
1			− 52.03	[− 60.77,60.77]
2			− 38.09	[− 70.35,70.35]
3			− 58.54	[− 54.52,54.52]
4			− 29.22	[− 74.47,74.47]
5			64.20	[− 47.74,47.74]
6			− 58.44	[− 54.64,54.64]