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Table 4 Test results of CEC 14 test functions

From: Small signal stability enhancement of a large scale power system using a bio-inspired whale optimization algorithm

S. nos.

Name of the function

Order of the function

WOA

DE

PSO

Fitness value

1

High Conditioned Elliptic function

f1(x)

3.5101e−80

3.5632 e−04

1.6684 e−80

2

Bent Cigar function

f2(x)

4.0897e−88

3.3893e−04

1.9313e−15

3

Discuss function

f3(x)

1.7573 e−73

8.6146 e−13

3.1554 e−22

4

Rosenbrocks function

f4(x)

1.1866 e−06

3.0034 e−03

1.6720 e−02

5

Ackley's function

f5(x)

4.4409 e−14

4.4409 e−14

4.4409 e−14

6

Weierstrass function

f6(x)

9.441375732713 e−03

9.441375732812 e−03

9.441375733129 e−03

7

Griewanks function

f7(x)

4.6928 e−08

7.0573 e−07

4.2514 e−06

8

Rastrigins's function

f8(x)

1.3548 e−80

5.6960 e−05

0.001.2 e−03

9

Modified Schwefel's function

f9(x)

0.0073

0.0038

0.0083

10

Katsuura function

f10(x)

1.7937 e−10

4.4305 e−10

1.7377 e−10

11

HappyCat function

f11(x)

1.7126 e−04

0.9555

1.6875 e−08

12

HGBat function

f12(x)

2.7428 e−06

2.5256 e−03

8.2076 e−04

13

Expanded Griewanks plus Rosenbrocks function

f13(x)

63.6412

4.5131

7.9816

14

Expanded Schaffer's function

f14(x)

0.009.7 e−03

0.006.5 e−03

5.32 e−02