Table 16 Wilcoxon signed rank test for statistical analysis
Test System | Methods | Min. value ($) | Mean value ($) | Max. value ($) | Standard deviation | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian 62-bus | PSO | 3.801 × 107 | 3.9574 × 107 | 4.192 × 107 | 0.1080 | – |
DE | 3.790 × 107 | 3.9348 × 107 | 4.121 × 107 | 0.1207 | – | |
CSA | 3.781 × 107 | 3.8628 × 107 | 3.990 × 107 | 0.0730 | – | |
PSODE | 3.779 × 107 | 3.8582 × 107 | 3.989 × 107 | 0.0795 | – | |
PSOCSA | 3.770 × 107 | 3.8290 × 107 | 3.971 × 107 | 0.0764 |  | |
DECSA | 3.708 × 107 | 3.7507 × 107 | 3.907 × 107 | 0.0719 | 6.9824 × 10−7 | |
Indian 191-bus | PSO | 4.759 × 107 | 4.7885 × 107 | 4.873 × 107 | 0.0203 | – |
DE | 4.740 × 107 | 4.8142 × 107 | 4.934 × 107 | 0.0715 | – | |
CSA | 4.730 × 107 | 4.8004 × 107 | 4.930 × 107 | 0.0757 | – | |
PSODE | 4.719 × 107 | 4.7715 × 107 | 4.987 × 107 | 0.0630 | – | |
PSOCSA | 4.710 × 107 | 4.7576 × 107 | 4.880 × 107 | 0.0547 | – | |
DECSA | 4.673 × 107 | 4.6914 × 107 | 4.785 × 107 | 0.0302 | 1.0922 × 10−6 |