Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 4 Peak deviation and settling time for effectiveness measurement of FACTS devices

Element	Peak Overshoot (+)				Peak Undershoot (−)				Settling Time in seconds
Element	SSSC	TCPS	TCSC	IPFC	SSSC	TCPS	TCSC	IPFC	SSSC	TCPS	TCSC	IPFC
∆f₁ *(Hz)*	0.003381	0.001650	0.001122	0.000740	0.018378	0.009548	0.006447	0.007415	45.70	41.39	39.48	34.22
∆f₂ *(Hz)*	0.003345	0.001582	0.001114	0.000735	0.018384	0.009535	0.006459	0.007567	45.83	43.09	38.78	37.07
∆f₃ *(Hz)*	0.003297	0.001656	0.001104	0.000551	0.018382	0.009555	0.006431	0.006845	44.70	43.32	40.28	38.12
∆P_tie1–2(pu)	0.001965	0.001788	0.001699	0.001674	0.011174	0.010781	0.009131	0.008423	46.58	43.38	41.91	42.68
∆P_tie2–3(pu)	0.001898	0.001670	0.001623	0.001458	0.011426	0.010368	0.010293	0.010127	44.88	42.62	41.31	37.84
∆P_tie3–1(pu)	0.001758	0.001689	0.001661	0.001467	0.011223	0.010846	0.010547	0.010113	47.22	44.36	41.76	40.96