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Table 1 Classification of demand response programs

From: Prediction and assessment of demand response potential with coupon incentives in highly renewable power systems

Customer type

Direct load control (centralized)

Market-based

Large commercial and industrial

Research papers [8,9,10]

Energy-management systems [12]

Small residential

Direct load control programs [11]

Variable rate retail plans [13], CPP [14], EnergyCoupon [15]