Table 6 Wide Area Damping Controllers

[83,84,85]

Requirements for wide area control in terms of communication delay and data losses have been identified.

[45]

A distributed multi-agent control concept for achieving wide area control. The local PMU measurements and local optimization algorithms are shared to achieve global control.

[86]

Uncertainties in delays were included in the analysis and a centralized non-linear controller was used.

[87,88,89,90]

Communication delays were compensated to achieve the damping control.

[91]

A novel Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controller architecture has been proposed to achieve improved control even when sufficient measurement data is available (due to bandwidth constraints or packet losses).

[92]

Effect of communication network topology was included into the control mechanism.

[93]

Adaptive PDC that configures itself based on communication delays for effective delay compensation of the wide area controller.

[94]

Damping of power system oscillations using a co-simulation platform for simulating the power and communication infrastructures.

[95]

Time delay estimate and packet loss probability were obtained using Markov models to achieve improved oscillation control.