A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 5 Synchrophasor Communication Schemes

Reference	Contribution
[72]	A multi-protocol label switching aided IP with better performance than the TCP/IP and other transport layer protocols.
[73]	An evolutionary traffic routing algorithm for routing the traffic such that the communication delay is minimized.
[74]	An advanced TCP/IP protocol that minimizes the communication delay by reducing redundant transmissions in the event of packet loss
[75,76,77]	An internet for synchrophasor applications called as NASPInet developed by the collaborated effort of U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), North American electric utilities and other individuals from industry and academia.
[75,78,]	A co-operative congestion control protocol through coordinated scheduling and bandwidth reassignment for minimizing communication delay and to ensure real-time data transfer. Congestion causes unnecessary packet losses and also increases the wait time. Therefore, minimizing congestion effectively reduces the communication delay.
[79]	A low power communication scheme for secure PMU communications.
[80]	Synchrophasor communication network for hydropower plants.
[81, 82]	Communication networks for generation, substation and control center have been modeled and the performance is evaluated in terms of delay for various bandwidth criteria.