Fig. 3
![Fig. 3](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs41601-018-0089-x/MediaObjects/41601_2018_89_Fig3_HTML.png)
a EPFA variation during no-fault condition in WSCC-9bus system. b. EPFA variation during LG-Fault condition in WSCC-9bus system with FR = 0 Ω and FIA = 0°. c. EPFA variation during LL-Fault condition in WSCC-9bus system with FR = 0 Ω and FIA = 0°. 3 d. EPFA variation during LLG-Fault condition in WSCC-9bus system with FR = 0 Ω and FIA = 0°. e. EPFA variation during LLL-Fault condition in WSCC-9bus system with FR = 0 Ω and FIA = 0°. f. EPFA variation during wide area load change in WSCC-9bus system