Table 5 Comparison of the relay trip timings (in ms) for full cycle window and half cycle window calculations for the microgrid subjected to various types of operating modes (GCM and IM), fault types, fault resistances, and faulted distribution lines, respectively
Sl. no. | Microgrid operation mode | Fault Type | Fault Resistance (in Ω) | Fault Distance Ratio (0–1) [×100] in % | Faulted Line | Relay trip timing (in ms) Full Window Calculation | Relay trip timing (in ms) Half Window Calculation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase a | Phase b | Phase c | Phase a | Phase b | Phase c | ||||||
1 | GCM (DG 1234 ON) | a-g | 0.1 | 0.8 | DL AB | 10.6771 | - | - | 6.5104 | - | - |
2 | b-g | 1 | 0.7 | - | 9.8958 | - | - | 5.7292 | - | ||
3 | c-g | 10 | 0.6 | - | - | 9.8958 | - | - | 5.7292 | ||
4 | ab-g | 0.1 | 0.5 | DL AE | 10.9375 | 10.4167 | - | 6.7708 | 6.2500 | - | |
5 | bc-g | 1 | 0.4 | - | 10.1563 | 9.8958 | - | 5.9896 | 5.7292 | ||
6 | ca-g | 10 | 0.3 | 12.2396 | - | 9.8958 | 8.0729 | - | 5.7292 | ||
7 | abc-g | 0.1 | 0.2 | DL BE | 10.9375 | 10.1563 | 9.3750 | 6.7708 | 5.9896 | 5.2083 | |
8 | abc-g | 1 | 0.1 | 10.6771 | 9.8958 | 9.3750 | 6.5104 | 5.7292 | 5.2083 | ||
9 | abc-g | 10 | 0.5 | 10.9375 | 10.4167 | 9.8958 | 6.7708 | 6.2500 | 5.7292 | ||
10 | GCM (DG 1234 OFF) | a-g | 0.1 | 0.1 | DL AB | 9.8958 | - | - | 5.7292 | - | - |
11 | b-g | 1 | 0.2 | - | 9.8958 | - | - | 5.7292 | - | ||
12 | c-g | 10 | 0.3 | - | - | 9.6354 | - | - | 5.4687 | ||
13 | ab-g | 0.1 | 0.4 | DL AE | 10.6771 | 10.1563 | - | 6.5104 | 5.9896 | - | |
14 | bc-g | 1 | 0.5 | - | 9.8958 | 9.6354 | - | 5.7292 | 5.4687 | ||
15 | ca-g | 10 | 0.6 | 9.6354 | - | 9.6354 | 5.4687 | - | 5.4687 | ||
16 | abc-g | 0.1 | 0.7 | DL BE | 9.8958 | 10.6771 | 9.6354 | 5.7292 | 6.5104 | 5.4687 | |
17 | abc-g | 1 | 0.8 | 9.8958 | 10.4167 | 9.6354 | 5.7292 | 6.2500 | 5.4687 | ||
18 | abc-g | 10 | 0.5 | 9.6354 | 10.9375 | 9.6354 | 5.4687 | 6.7708 | 5.4687 | ||
19 | IM (DG 1234 ON) | a-g | 0.1 | 0.1 | DL BC | 13.0208 | - | - | 8.8542 | - | - |
20 | b-g | 1 | 0.2 | - | 10.1563 | - | - | 5.9896 | - | ||
21 | c-g | 10 | 0.3 | - | - | 11.4583 | - | - | 7.2917 | ||
22 | ab-g | 0.1 | 0.4 | DL CD | 9.8958 | 9.1146 | - | 5.7292 | 4.9479 | - | |
23 | bc-g | 1 | 0.5 | - | 9.1146 | 9.1146 | - | 4.9479 | 4.9479 | ||
24 | ca-g | 10 | 0.6 | 11.4583 | - | 9.6354 | 7.2917 | - | 5.4687 | ||
25 | abc-g | 0.1 | 0.7 | DL BE | 12.7604 | 9.8958 | 9.6354 | 8.5937 | 5.7292 | 5.4687 | |
26 | abc-g | 1 | 0.8 | 12.7604 | 9.8958 | 9.6354 | 8.5937 | 5.7292 | 5.4687 | ||
27 | abc-g | 10 | 0.5 | 12.5000 | 9.8958 | 9.6354 | 8.3333 | 5.7292 | 5.4687 | ||
28 | IM (DG 1 ON) | a-g | 0.1 | 0.8 | DL BC | 11.1979 | - | - | 7.0313 | - | - |
29 | b-g | 1 | 0.7 | - | 14.8438 | - | - | 10.6771 | - | ||
30 | c-g | 10 | 0.6 | - | - | 11.1979 | - | - | 7.0313 | ||
31 | ab-g | 0.1 | 0.5 | DL CD | 11.1979 | 10.4167 | - | 7.0313 | 6.2500 | - | |
32 | bc-g | 1 | 0.4 | - | 10.4167 | 9.8958 | - | 6.2500 | 5.7292 | ||
33 | ca-g | 10 | 0.3 | 10.4167 | - | 10.4167 | 6.25 | - | 6.25 | ||
34 | abc-g | 0.1 | 0.2 | DL BE | 10.1563 | 9.6354 | 10.1563 | 5.9896 | 5.4687 | 5.9896 | |
35 | abc-g | 1 | 0.1 | 9.8958 | 9.6354 | 10.1563 | 5.7292 | 5.7292 | 5.7292 | ||
36 | abc-g | 10 | 0.5 | 13.5417 | 9.8958 | 10.1563 | 9.375 | 5.7292 | 5.9896 | ||