Fig. 5From: An adaptive supervised wide-area backup protection scheme for transmission lines protectionImpedance trajectory of (a) R13-12, when LG (70Ω, 1440 and 200 km from BUS-13) fault occurred; (b) R7-8, when LL (50Ω, 900 and 0 km from BUS-7) fault occurred; (c) R2-1, when LLG (15Ω, 720 and 70 km from BUS-2) fault occurred; (d) R9-10, when LLL (60Ω, 00 and 65 km from BUS-9) fault occurredBack to article page