Table 6 Simulation results for internal DC line faults
From: Novel transient-energy-based directional pilot protection method for HVDC line
Location | RF (Ω) | Pole | Rectifier station | Inverter station | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S m | Dir | S n | Dir | ||||
F1 (1 km) | 10 | + | −34.02 | 1 | −10.51 | 1 | Internal |
- | −0.27 | 0 | −2.44 | 1 | Normal | ||
200 | + | −5.64 | 1 | −1.91 | 1 | Internal | |
- | / | / | −0.43 | 0 | Normal | ||
300 | + | −3.24 | 1 | −1.13 | 1 | Internal | |
- | / | / | / | / | Normal | ||
F2 (500 km) | 10 | + | −0.17 | 0 | −0.64 | 0 | Normal |
- | −13.23 | 1 | −9.33 | 1 | Internal | ||
200 | + | / | / | −0.04 | 0 | Normal | |
- | −2.85 | 1 | −2.37 | 1 | Internal | ||
300 | + | / | / | / | / | Normal | |
- | −1.70 | 1 | −1.71 | 1 | Internal | ||
F3 (1000 km) | 10 | + | −24.96 | 1 | −25.01 | 1 | Internal |
- | −25.21 | 1 | −25.09 | 1 | Internal | ||
200 | + | −8.13 | 1 | −8.44 | 1 | Internal | |
- | −8.20 | 1 | −8.46 | 1 | Internal | ||
300 | + | −5.37 | 1 | −5.69 | 1 | Internal | |
- | −5.40 | 1 | −5.80 | 1 | Internal | ||