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Table 4 Performance analysis of the different controllers

From: Designing of robust frequency stabilization using optimized MPC-(1+PIDN) controller for high order interconnected renewable energy based power systems

Controllers

MPC-(1 + PIDN)

GWO:PI-PD [14]

MPC/PI [26]

GA-PI [8]

S.T

U.S

O.S

S.T

U.S

O.S

S.T

U.S

O.S

S.T

U.S

O.S

Area-1

0.86

 − 0.001

0

3.3

 − 0.03

0.01

9.57

 − 0.03

0

17.87

 − 0.18

0.01

Area-2

1.08

0

0.01

2.93

0

0.05

8.61

0

0.04

20.1

 − 0.01

0.18

Area-3

0.81

 − 0.01

0

4.45

 − 0.04

0.01

9.76

 − 0.02

0

17.93

 − 0.18

0.01

Area-4

0.84

0

0.02

3.26

 − 0.02

0.06

13.5

 − 0.006

0.05

18

 − 0.12

0.24