Table 12 Summary of parameters to characterize voltage sags and notches
From: A systematic review of real-time detection and classification of power quality disturbances
PQD | Parameter | Definition | Relevance | References | % to the total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voltage sag | Magnitude | The minimum remaining RMS voltage during the sag event, with values between 0.1 and 0.9 pu [5] | Essential to define the impact on end-user equipment and industrial processes [7] | [49, 77, 132, 134,135,136,137,138, 140, 142, 143, 146, 148, 156, 157, 161, 163, 173, 174, 184, 186, 201, 204] | 13 |
Duration | The time interval where voltage is less than 0.9 pu. Durations are between 0.5 cycles and 1 min [5] | [34, 44, 87, 90, 132, 134,135,136,137,138, 142, 146, 154, 156, 157, 160,161,162,163, 166, 173, 174, 184, 186, 200,201,202, 204] | 15 | ||
POW of initiation | The phase angle of the voltage waveform at the start of the sag event [7] | Useful in determining equipment sensitivity, and the exact voltage sag duration [163] | [87, 132, 134, 137, 138, 146, 154,155,156,157, 160,161,162,163, 166, 173, 174, 184, 186, 200, 201] | 12 | |
POW of recovery | The phase angle of the voltage waveform at the end of the sag event [7] | [87, 132, 134, 137, 138, 146, 154,155,156,157, 160,161,162,163, 166, 173, 174, 184, 186, 200, 201] | 12 | ||
Phase angle jump | Phase shift in the voltage waveform at the start of the sag event [7] | It may affect power electronic converters using phase-angle information [6] | 7 | ||
Ellipse characterization | It refers to the analysis of sag parameters through the features of the ellipses obtained with the SPM [140] | It allows for reducing the number of variables at each stage of the analysis [140] | 6 | ||
Multistage characterization | Calculating the parameters that identify voltage sags with segments of different behavior during the sag event | Single-event features (magnitude, duration) are not enough to characterize a sag [157] | 1 | ||
Voltage notch | Depth | The average depth of the line voltage notch from the sine wave of voltage [12] | High levels of voltage deviations downgrade electronic equipment and damage inductive components [190] | 3 | |
Width | Duration of the notch switching disturbance [12] | It also determines the severity of the notch related to the duration of the momentary short circuit | [87, 187, 190,191,192, 194,195,196, 199,200,201, 203,204,205, 207,208,209,210] | 10 | |
Area | The product of the notch depth times the width of the notch [12] | It allows quantifying the severity of notches | 3 | ||
Number of notches per cycle | Occurrences of notch switching disturbances in one cycle | It allows quantifying the aggregate severity of notches and identifying the producing converter | [37, 87, 187, 190, 193, 195, 200, 201, 203,204,205,206,207, 209] | 8 |