Reactive power optimization of a distribution network with high-penetration of wind and solar renewable energy and electric vehicles

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 1 Parameters of wind and PV generators and EVs in the IEEE 33-bus distribution system

Number	Wind speed (m s⁻¹)	Solar irradiation (W m⁻²)	Active power (kW)	Reactive capacity (\(\mathrm{kVar}\))
PV equipment
1		600	12.00	[− 17.23,17.23]
2		700	14.00	[− 15.65,15.65]
3		800	16.00	[− 13.60,13.60]
4		900	18.00	[− 10.82,10.82]
Wind power generation
1	9		200.00	[− 136.60,151.11]
2	11		266.67	[− 92.13,121.48]
3	13		300.00	[− 69.90,106.67]
EV charging and battery change station
1			− 42.80	[− 67.59,67.59]
2			− 49.02	[− 63.22,63.22]
3			− 31.93	[− 73.35,73.35]