Table 8 Causes and effects on directional and negative-sequence overcurrent protection due to IBR
From: Transmission line protection challenges influenced by inverter-based resources: a review
Directional (32) and negative-sequence overcurrent protection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | References | Technology | Cause | Effect |
Directional element protection | [55] | IBR | Strategies inverter control | Distortion signals, abnormal angle between V and I |
[59] | WF-IV | Control the phase angle | Malfunction of phase comparison | |
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection | IBR | Limited current, inverter control | Activation threshold. Different angles between V2 and I2 | |
[51] | IBR | Insufficient amount of negative-sequence | The overcurrent function will not be activated | |
[57] | WF | Specification of the amount of negative-sequence in the GCs | The increased amount of the negative-sequence influences the amount of the positive-sequence | |
| Â | [61] | WFs | Insufficient amount of negative-sequence | Fault response interferes with directionality |