Table 10 Protection schemes based on transient signals and/or artificial intelligence
From: Transmission line protection challenges influenced by inverter-based resources: a review
References | Protection function to be replaced | Protection scheme | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[69] | Differential protection | Uses the Pearson correlation method | This method is dependable | Complex calculation |
[70] | Distance protection | Uses signals in different frequency spectral | This method is dependable and secure. Avoids phasor signals | Complex calculation and requires a good method to filter the signal |
[71] | All function | Uses signal processing (WT, PCA, TEO, JM, MM, etc.) | This method is dependable and secure | Often present complex calculation and requires finding the appropriate mother function |
[48] | Distance protection | ANN | This method is dependable and secure. Fast and adaptive in nature | Require a lot of information for training |
[72] | Detect and classify faults | Neuro-fuzzy | This method is dependable and secure. Good performance to identify faults | Complex calculation and require a lot of information for training |
[73] | Distance protection | SVM | This method is dependable and secure | Only applies under certain conditions |
[74] | Directional element | DT-SVM | This method is dependable and secure. Good performance to identify directionality | Complex calculation |