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Table 7 Challenges and solutions for series-connection WTs

From: A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives

References

Year

Challenges

Solutions

Performance

Feasibility

Insulation coordination

Strong power-voltage coupling

D'Arco, S.; et al. [131]

2012

√

 

•  Non-insulated converters

•  Wind farm efficiency increased

**

Shi, G.; et al. [132]

2016

 

√

•  DCWT with energy storage system

•  Wind energy capture enhanced

•  Operation and control of DCWT improved

***

Zhang, H.; et al. [133]

2016

 

√

•  A Topology with Wideband cable and MMC

•  Damping characteristic enhanced

•  Resonance solved

***

Zhang, H.B.; et al. [134]

2016

 

√

•  HVDC global control strategy

•  WTs operating within safety ensured

•  Series connected failures are eliminated

***

Rong, F.; et al. [135]

2018

 

√

•  Novel voltage balance circuit topology

•  MMPT achieved

•  Terminal voltages balanced

•  Wind farm normal operation ensured

***