A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 10 FRT technology of ALL-DC OWF system

References	Year	Fault types	Methods	Performance	Feasibility
Deng et al. [166]	2013	Short-circuit fault	• Redundancy operation approach • Control WT power demand	• Healthy cable used • More power transmitted • System performance improved	****
Shah et al. [167]	2014	Grounding fault Short-circuit fault	• Breaker less fault protection strategy • Simplified equivalent circuit	• Fault transient stresses mitigated • Fault transient oscillation alleviated	***
Zhang et al. [133]	2016	DC cable fault	• Pi-section cable model • Small capacitance cable model • Wideband cable model	• Damping effect improved • System oscillation damping realized	***
Guo et al. [168]	2016	WT overvoltage WT under-voltage	• Voltage adjustment procedure	• Over-voltage and under-voltage eliminated • Energy production increased	****
Rodriguez et al. [169]	2016	DC/DC converter overvoltage	• Utilization of storage system • Current control	• Overvoltage suppressed • MPPT realized	****
Zhang et al. [170, 171]	2016	WT overvoltage	• Global control strategy • Onshore MMC control	• WT operation safe voltage ensured • WT normal power maintained	***
Himanshu et al. [164]	2019	Voltage variation	• Modified WT with storage • Power flow calculation	• WT voltage variation mitigated	***
Guo et al. [172]	2020	Grounding fault	• Improved wind energy conversion systems • Grounding fault detection A novel topology	• Converter protected • Fault current cut off	***