Table 2 Energy distributions in the voltage waveform
From: A novel out of step relaying algorithm based on wavelet transform and a deep learning machine model
Levels | Frequency Range | 3-Phase fault Energy in % | Stable swing Energy in % | Unstable swing Energy in % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 5 kHz–10 kHz | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 2 | 2.41 kHz–5.19 kHz | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 3 | 1.21 kHz–2.58 kHz | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 4 | 603 Hz–1.29 kHz | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 5 | 302 Hz–646 Hz | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 6 | 151 Hz–323 Hz | 0.51 | 0.17 | 0.24 |
Level 7 | 75.4 Hz–162 Hz | 18.31 | 15.58 | 19.72 |
Level 8 | 37.9 Hz–80.7 Hz | 78.42 | 83.69 | 79.85 |
Level 9 | 19.2 Hz–40.3 Hz | 1.66 | 0.21 | 0.04 |
Level 10 | 9.98 Hz–19.8 Hz | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.13 |
Level 11 | 4.44 Hz–10 Hz | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Level 12 | 4.4 Hz–4.61 Hz | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Approx.12 | 0 Hz–0.244 Hz | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |