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Table 5 Case study results with ZIB measurements

From: Communication infrastructure for situational awareness enhancement in WAMS with optimal PMU placement

 

For PMU located on Bus 2 and PDC located on Bus 9, estimation of MSCS

For PMU located on Bus 7 and PDC located on Bus 9, estimation of MSCS

For PMU located on Bus 10 and PDC located on Bus 9, estimation of MSCS

Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°E)

Tower heights (m)

Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°E)

Tower heights (m)

Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°E)

Tower heights (m)

PMU Radio Terminal

25.2446

86.0734

100

25.3105

85.1911

97.06

24.4758

85.0055

50.51

Repeater 1

25.2376

85.8276

98.95

–

–

–

24.6847

85.0915

99.87

Repeater 2

25.2303

85.5819

100

–

–

–

24.8936

85.1777

89.91

Repeater 3

25.2225

85.3361

99.5

–

–

–

25.1025

85.2642

96.18

PDC Radio

25.2218

85.3138

97.88

25.2218

85.3138

95.12

25.2218

85.3138

100

No. of Repeaters required

3

0

3

Propagation delay measured in ms

0.2548

0.0527

0.2953

Availability

0.999933372157467

0.999983344151698

0.999933372157467

SA

0.996547497605291

0.999281802527150

0.996011636292648

System SA Metric: \( {SA}_{system}^{mean} \)

(0.996547497605291 + 0.999281802527150 + 0.996011636292648)/3 = 0.997280312141696

System SA Metric: \( {SA}_{system}^{\mathrm{min}} \)

Min(0.996547497605291, 0.999281802527150, 0.996011636292648) = 0.996011636292648