Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 5 Peak deviation and settling time for GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller with IPFC and different SLP values

Condition	Peak Overshoot (+)			Peak Undershoot (−)			Settling Time in seconds
Condition	∆f₁ *(Hz)*	∆f₂ *(Hz)*	∆P_tie1–2(pu)	∆f₁ *(Hz)*	∆f₂ *(Hz)*	∆P_tie1–2(pu)	∆f₁ *(Hz)*	∆f₂ *(Hz)*	∆P_tie1–2(pu)
Without IPFC	0.011598	0.007540	0.001431	0.032582	0.026905	0.016016	38.73	3914	49.41
IPFC in 1–2	0.001170	0.001118	0.000647	0.019762	0.019764	0.011305	35.96	38.43	39.83
IPFC in 1–2-3	0.000740	0.000735	0.000551	0.007415	0.007567	0.006845	34.22	37.07	38.12
SLP 3%	0.002273	0.002125	0.002308	0.019367	0.019417	0.019322	58.15	56.92	58.12
SLP 5%	0.002358	0.002244	0.002399	0.029284	0.029264	0.029257	76.19	77.43	78.45