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Table 3 Peak deviation and settling time for effectiveness measurement of GOA with PDF plus (1 + PI) controller

From: Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

Element

Peak Overshoot (+)

Peak Undershoot (−)

Settling Time in seconds

GA

PSO

GOA

GA

PSO

GOA

GA

PSO

GOA

f1 (Hz)

0.000983

0.000949

0.000740

0.008227

0.007562

0.007415

46.13

42.89

34.22

f2 (Hz)

0.001013

0.000948

0.000735

0.008228

0.007643

0.007567

47.16

43.91

37.07

f3 (Hz)

0.000974

0.000912

0.000551

0.008225

0.007998

0.006845

46.37

42.61

38.12

Ptie1–2(pu)

0.001832

0.001698

0.001674

0.011228

0.010935

0.008423

44.67

43.57

42.68

Ptie2–3(pu)

0.001536

0.001572

0.001458

0.011231

0.010564

0.010127

42.16

40.28

37.84

Ptie3–1(pu)

0.001547

0.001422

0.001467

0.011159

0.011032

0.010113

46.02

41.53

40.96