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Table 2 Peak deviation and settling time for effectiveness measurement of PDF plus (1 + PI) controller

From: Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

Element

Peak Overshoot (+)

Peak Undershoot (−)

Settling Time in seconds

PI

PID

PIDF

PDF + (1 + PI)

PI

PID

PIDF

PDF + (1 + PI)

PI

PID

PIDF

PDF + (1 + PI)

f1 (Hz)

0.001205

0.001184

0.000963

0.000740

0.008266

0.007891

0.007613

0.007415

44.65

41.25

38.34

34.22

f2 (Hz)

0.001269

0.001163

0.000976

0.000735

0.008362

0.008184

0.007771

0.007567

43.71

41.95

39.39

37.07

f3 (Hz)

0.001139

0.001131

0.000977

0.000551

0.008305

0.008102

0.007551

0.006845

44.50

42.64

40.68

38.12

Ptie1–2(pu)

0.001873

0.001718

0.001434

0.001674

0.011169

0.010894

0.009867

0.008423

52.58

45.31

43.22

42.68

Ptie2–3(pu)

0.001875

0.001693

0.001548

0.001458

0.011421

0.011228

0.011205

0.010127

54.88

42.39

41.17

37.84

Ptie3–1(pu)

0.001751

0.001697

0.001676

0.001467

0.011308

0.011235

0.011218

0.010113

49.81

45.45

42.22

40.96