Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 5 Optimal controller gains in test system-3 with and without considering CTDs

From: Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

Controller	Without Considering CTDs				with Considering CTDs
	Area-1		Area-2		Area-1		Area-2
	Loop LFC	Loop AVR	Loop LFC	Loop AVR	Loop LFC	Loop AVR	Loop LFC	Loop AVR
DE: PID	K_P = 3.0963	K_P = 2.1076	K_P = 3.4047	K_P = 1.9587	K_P = 3.4632	K_P = 2.0209	K_P = 3.7258	K_P = 1.7819
	K_I = 2.9147	K_I = 1.6913	K_I = 2.6738	K_I = 1.6627	K_I = 2.7610	K_I = 1.6914	K_I = 2.3726	K_I = 1.6733
	K_D = 1.2009	K_D = 0.9126	K_D = 1.9844	K_D = 0.9852	K_D = 1.6035	K_D = 0.7521	K_D = 2.0015	K_D = 1.1343
AEFA: PID	K_P = 3.9752	K_P = 2.4194	K_P = 3.7805	K_P = 2.0357	K_P = 4.2938	K_P = 2.8621	K_P = 3.9990	K_P = 3.0986
	K_I = 2.4588	K_I = 1.4389	K_I = 2.9595	K_I = 1.8419	K_I = 2.5841	K_I = 1.5276	K_I = 2.7256	K_I = 1.8667
	K_D = 1.8030	K_D = 0.9209	K_D = 1.6575	K_D = 0.9304	K_D = 2.0137	K_D = 1.2961	K_D = 1.5786	K_D = 1.1048
DE-AEFA: PID	K_P = 4.0786	K_P = 2.3922	K_P = 3.6959	K_P = 2.0572	K_P = 4.7219	K_P = 2.5713	K_P = 4.5923	K_P = 2.5312
	K_I = 2.7907	K_I = 1.5666	K_I = 3.3108	K_I = 2.0963	K_I = 3.0172	K_I = 1.9218	K_I = 3.4598	K_I = 2.1006
	K_D = 2.0413	K_D = 1.1921	K_D = 2.2699	K_D = 1.8385	K_D = 2.2819	K_D = 1.9054	K_D = 2.4885	K_D = 2.0862

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