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Table 10 Performance table for a two-area thermal power system at ΔPD1 = 0.05puMW (5%SLP)

From: Application of a simplified Grey Wolf optimization technique for adaptive fuzzy PID controller design for frequency regulation of a distributed power generation system

Controller/ Technique

Settling Time (Ts) sec

Undershoots (Us) (−ve)

Objective function

∆F1

x  10−1

∆F2

x  10−1

∆Ptie

x 10−1

∆F1

x 10−2

∆F2

x 10−2

∆Ptie x  10−2

ITAE x  10−2

FPI/PSO [32]

60.7

71.5

56.9

3.89

1.56

0.64

18.27

PID/TLBO [22]

53.3

59.0

33.2

3.07

1.78

0.70

13.47

PIDN/JA [37]

29.7

27.5

25.6

6.00

3.61

1.23

6.86

FPI/(hPSO-PS) [32]

40.7

52.5

40.1

3.55

1.22

0.59

7.99

PI/BFOA [35]

55.2

70.9

63.5

13.12

11.43

4.14

91.56

PI/GA [35]

100.3

100.3

93.7

12.03

10.03

3.57

127.70

PI/(hBFOA-PSO) [36]

73.9

76.5

57.3

12.36

10.42

3.69

58.28

AFPID/(SGWO)

11.8

21.7

14.8

0.97

0.24

0.098

0.32