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Table 3 Protection results under grounding fault with fault impedance

From: Pilot protection of hybrid MMC DC grid based on active detection

Fault impedance Ω/distance

Correlation coefficient (positive/negative)

Fault section

Fault pole

Operate or not (Y/N)

0.01/150

−0.903/0.931

internal

positive

Y

50/150

−0.801/0.928

internal

positive

Y

100/150

−0.731/0.916

internal

positive

Y

300/150

−0.633/0.902

   

0.01/250

−0.923/0.919

internal

positive

Y

50/250

−0.836/0.917

internal

positive

Y

100/250

−0.766/0.913

internal

positive

Y

300/250

−0/612/0.901

   

0.01/f2

0.942/0.918

external

/

N

50/ f2

0.937/0.922

external

/

N

100/ f2

0.926/0.911

external

/

N

0.01/f3

0.954/0.947

external

/

N

50/ f3

0.946/0.932

external

/

N

100/ f3

0.928/0.915

external

/

N

  1. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the model identification pilot protection based on active detection using the capacitance model to identify the fault section has strong anti-fault impedance capability in principle