From: Hybrid classifier for fault location in active distribution networks
Method | Type | Inputs | Outputs | Considered fault types | Considering the effect of DG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thukaram et al. [3] | Feedforward ANN | Three-phase steady-state voltage and current | Line reactance to the fault from the main substation | All types | – |
Pourahmadi-Nakhli and Safavi [4] | Feedforward ANN | Energy content of voltage transients around the characteristic frequencies | Fault distance from the main substation | Single-line to ground | – |
Rafinia and Moshtagh [5] | Feedforward ANN | Information extracted using DWT and analysis of the recorded transients | Fault distance from the main substation | All types | ✓ |
Chen et al. [6] | Feedforward ANN | Information extracted from voltage signals recorded at different locations | Distance to the fault from all voltage sensors and the faulted line- section | Earth faults | ✓ |
Dashtdar et al. [7] | Feedforward ANN | High frequency components of current signals | Line impedance to the main substation, faulted line-section | All types | – |
Chunju et al. [8] | WFNN | High frequency and low-frequency components of voltage and current transients | Fault distance from the main substation | Single-line to ground | – |
Aslan and Yagan [9] | Feedforward ANN | High frequency and low-frequency components of voltage and current transients | Fault distance from the main substation | All types | – |
Mora et al. [10] | ANFIS | Patterns obtained from measured substation current | Faulted zone | All types | – |
Javadian et al. [11] | Feedforward ANN | Ratio of injected fault currents of DGs to substation current | Distance to the fault from all DGs and the main substation | All types | ✓ |
The proposed method | Feedforward ANN | Three-phase steady-state voltages and currents of substation and DGs | Fault location, faulted line-section and distance to the fault from all DGs and the main substation | All types | ✓ |