Table 3 Comparison of evolutionary algorithms for MGEM
Optimization method | Objective function value | Total cost ($) | Total emission penalty ($) | Total power loss (kwh) | Convergence (Iterations) | Execution time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) | 0.5944 | 284.28 | 78.23 | 65.75 | 930 | 6 min |
GA (Genetic Algorithm) | 1.1324 | – | – | – | 1000 | 7 min |
DE (Differential Evaluation) | 1.752 | – | – | – | 1000 | 6 min |
TS (Tabu Search) | 0.6069 | 289.35 | 83.08 | 61.86 | 810 | 12 min |
TLBO (Reaching Learning Based Optimization) | 0.5937 | 283.84 | 81.90 | 63.38 | 970 | 10 min |
ICA (Imperialist Competitive Algorithm) | 1.769 | – | – | – | 1000 | 6 min |
BBO (Biogeography) | 5.89 | – | – | – | 1000 | 15 min |
ABC (Artificial Bee Colony) | 0.7926 | 290.60 | 84.07 | 65.08 | 760 | 13 min |
GAMS | 0.567 | 280.48 | 81.51 | 62.88 | – | 12 s |