A review of single phase adaptive auto-reclosing schemes for EHV transmission lines

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 2 Summary of both end data based ASPAR schemes

Method	Transmission system	Reclosing time	Inputs	Remarks	Reference
Synchrophasor	Uncompensated	–	Healthy phase phasor data	It is not easy to obtain data from healthy phases due to the communication channel issues	[51]
Numerical algorithm	Uncompensated	20 ms	Faulted phase voltage and current	A little faster but needs a lot of computations for IED’s and DFT	[54]
Analytical approach	Shunt compensated	70–160 ms	Voltage phasor of healthy phases	Phasor calculation is cumbersome in case of permanent fault	[11]
PMU	Shunt compensated	131 ms	Voltage and current phasor of faulted phase	Little bit slower than other techniques	[14]
PMU	Uncompensated	20 ms	Positive sequence voltage and current phasor	GPS for communication is not a good choice as it is a power hungry device	[57]
Differential approach	Uncompensated	75 ms	Zero sequence instantaneous power	PLC communication is used which is good but DFT can only give frequency information	[13]
Numerical algorithm	Uncompensated	–	Faulted phase voltage and current	Communication between IED’s is not easy, they can only react to the predefined situations	[58]
ADALINE NN	Uncompensated	–	Faulted phase voltages & THD	No time localization of fault, abrupt errors can produce higher harmonics	[59]
Gabor transform & ANN	Uncompensated	–	Faulted phase current signal	An effective signal transformation with both time and frequency localization	[22, 23, 53]