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Table 6 Performance of distance relay RA without PAZSD methodology for different faults with FR = 4.9 Ω at different distances

From: PMU based adaptive zone settings of distance relays for protection of multi-terminal transmission lines

Fault Condition

Impedance seen by the relay RA

Performance of RA without proposed methodology

Zone of fault detection is?

Is detected zone correct? (Y/N)

LLG Fault at 50 km

3.937  63.990

Zone 1

Y

LLL Fault at 50 km

8.436  22.50

Zone 1

Y

LG Fault at 150 km

20.52  45.070

Zone 1

Y

LL Fault at 150 km

16.296  43.510

Zone 1

Y

LL Fault at 250 km

38.814  68.430

Zone 2

N

LLL Fault at 250 km

39.5  67.690

Zone 2

N

LLG Fault at 300 km

52.864   − 273.090

No Zone is detected

N

LLL Fault at 300 km

52.268  65.3030

No Zone is detected

N

LG Fault at 350 km

79.285  68.280

No Zone is detected

N

LLG Fault at 350 km

80.335  68.630

No Zone is detected

N