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Table 2 Zone settings of the distance relays, R12, R21 & R23 using PAZSD methodology

From: PMU based adaptive zone settings of distance relays for protection of multi-terminal transmission lines

Case studies

Zset-old

Current Coefficient

K 1 , K 2 & K 3

Zset-new as per the proposed methodology

Zone-1

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-1

Zone-2

Zone-3

Case 1

6.552 + j83.44

12.285 + j156.45

17.199 + j219.03

49, 49 & 49

321.048 + j4088.56

601.965+ j7666.05

842.751+ j10732.47

Case 2

1.82, 1.79 & 1.9

12.449 + j158.536

23.342+ j297.255

32.678+ j416.157

Case 3

1.8, 1.78 & 1.89

12.383 + j157.702

23.219+ j295.691

32.506+ j413.967