Table 2 Estimated operating life and annual average cost of the Li-ion ESS under different frequency regulation dead bands
frequency regulation dead bands /Hz | ±0.033 | ±0.04 | ±0.05 | ±0.06 | nominal life(15y) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
w fr /104 kWh | 189.62 | 117.59 | 54.34 | 21.14 | – |
Annual life degradation/% | 16.81 | 11.59 | 8. 21 | 6.23 | 6.67 |
T LC /year | 5.95 | 8.63 | 12.18 | 16.05 | 15 |
C A /104 yuan | 175.0 | 124.4 | 91.6 | 72.4 | 76.7 |
Fully charging cycle | 696 | 432 | 201 | 78 | – |