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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 9 The detailed parametric values of the network (Fig. 2)

From: A fast time-frequency response based differential spectral energy protection of AC microgrids including fault location

Sl. No.

Element

Variables supporting the elements

Description

1

Utility

 

3-phase, 60 Hz, 154 kV

2

Distributed Generators

DG 1, DG 2, DG 3 and DG 4

60 Hz, 575 V, 9 MW, DFIG based wind farms

3

Transformers

Utility: T r1

22.9 kV/154 kV, 60 Hz, 47 MVA,

  

Distribution: T r2 , T r3 , T r4 and T r5

575 V/ 22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 10.5 MVA

4

Distributed Lines

DL AB (20 km), DL AE (16 km), DL BE (12 km), DL BC (02 km), DL CD (04 km).

Pi section models, positive- and zero- sequence resistances (r1, r0)Ω/km = (0.07375, 0.4054) Ω/km, positive- and zero- sequence inductances (l1, l0)H/km = (0 3.4358 × 10−3, 8.9524 × 10−3) H/km, positive- and zero- sequence capacitances (c1, c0)F/km = (0.0075 × 10−6, 0.0044 × 10−6) F/km.

5

Loads

L 1 (constant PQ loads) L 2 (constant PQ loads) L 3 (constant PQ loads) L 4 (constant PQ loads) L 5 (constant PQ loads)

22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 12.0 MW, 0.50 MVAR 22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 10.5 MW, 0.25 MVAR 22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 11.0 MW, 0.45 MVAR 22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 12.0 MW, 0.15 MVAR 22.9 kV, 60 Hz, 10.5 MW, 0.05 MVAR

6

Battery Banks

 

1-MWh BESS is considered by integrating five

200-kWh LiFePO4 lithium–ion BESSs in parallel.

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