Skip to main content
Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems

Table 2 Results of case studies, power system contingencies without and with fault conditions, conducted on WSCC-9 bus system

From: An adaptive supervised wide-area backup protection scheme for transmission lines protection

Power System Condition

Bus number where MPMU is installed

Connected branches with MPMU installed bus

Measurements of phasor currents from MPMU connected branch

Is fault detected?

((|IR2|& |IR3|) or (|IY2|& |IY3|) or (|IB2|& |IB3|)) > 0

(Y/N)

|IEHC|

Is other than fault detected?

(|IR1| or |IY1| or |IB1|) > |Ir| (Y/N)

Parent bus,

Faulty branch between two buses

Relays to be supervised

Fault type Classified

|IR1|, |IR2|, |IR3|

|IY1|, |IY2|, |IY3|

|IB1|, |IB2|, |IB3|

Power Swing without fault

4

4-5

1.614, 0,0

1.545, 0, 0

1.512, 0,0

N

---

Y

---,

Branch 9-6

R96 & R69

---

4-6

0, 0, 0

0, 0, 0

0, 0, 0

7

7-5

0.506, 0, 0

0.47, 0, 0

0.331, 0, 0

7-8

2.044, 0, 0

2.097, 0, 0

2.145, 0, 0

9

9-8

0.482, 0, 0

0.361, 0, 0

0.409, 0, 0

9-6

3.525, 0, 0

3.395, 0, 0

3.206, 0, 0

Power Swing with LLL fault with FR = 100 Ω, FIA = 360 in branch 7–5 at 20 km from BUS-7

4

4-5

2.492, 0.312, 0.115

2.274, 0.422, 0.147

2.204, 0.303, 0.216

Y

0.669

---

BUS-7,

Branch 7-5

R75 & R57

RYB

4-6

0, 0, 0

0, 0, 0

0, 0, 0

0

7

7-5

7.149, 0.352, 0.411

6.171, 1.086, 0.759

5.912, 1.296, 0.949

2.151

7-8

1.191, 0.38, 0.01

1.61, 0.424, 0.144

1.555, 0.214, 0.104

0.634

9

9-8

0.264, 0.06, 0.019

0.203, 0.074, 0.054

0.251, 0.075, 0.055

0.145

9-6

2.431, 0.138, 0.151

2.22, 0.313, 0.112

2.02, 0.419, 0.291

0.642

Load encroachment without fault

4

4-5

0.943, 0, 0

0.92, 0, 0

0.969, 0, 0

N

---

Y

---,

Branch 7-8

R78 & R87

---

4-6

0.389, 0, 0

0.713, 0, 0

0.516, 0, 0

7

7-5

2.055, 0, 0

1.949, 0, 0

2.029, 0, 0

7-8

5.335, 0, 0

5.804, 0, 0

5.346, 0, 0

9

9-8

2.85, 0,0

2.886, 0, 0

2.84, 0, 0

9-6

1.876, 0, 0

1.926, 0, 0

1.868, 0, 0

Load encroachment with LLL fault with FR = 50 Ω, FIA = 00 at 15 km from BUS-7

4

4-5

2.769, 0.354, 0.304

2.718, 0.112, 0.068

2.264, 0.459, 0.346

Y

0.752

---

BUS-7,

Branch 7-8

R78 & R87

RYB

4-6

3.724, 0.414, 0.346

3.558, 0.16, 0.08

3.102, 0.571, 0.409

0.903

7

7-5

0.776, 0.262, 0.231

1.222, 0.225, 0.186

1.194, 0.482, 0.406

0.777

7-8

9.745, 0.949, 0.816

9.875, 0.407, 0.322

8.391, 1.359, 1.144

2.234

9

9-8

6.026, 0.859, 0.17

7.153, 0.369, 0.19

6.512, 0.793, 0.228

1.273

9-6

1.365, 0.125, 0.132

2.0, 0.089, 0.062

1.82, 0.195, 0.159

0.329

Unbalanced loading

4

4-5

1.492, 0, 0

1.274, 0, 0

1.2, 0, 0

N

---

Y

---,

Branch 7-8

R78 & R87

---

4-6

2.891, 0, 0

2.844, 0, 0

2.831, 0, 0

7

7-5

1.19, 0, 0

1.61, 0, 0

1.555, 0, 0

7-8

4.149, 0, 0

2.171, 0, 0

3.912, 0, 0

9

9-8

2.431, 0, 0

2.22, 0, 0

2.021, 0, 0

9-6

0.342, 0, 0

0.342, 0, 0

0.342, 0, 0

Back to article page