Table 9 Simulation results for lightning stroke causing faults
From: Novel transient-energy-based directional pilot protection method for HVDC line
Condition | Pole | S m | S n | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shielding failure | 15 kA | 1 km | + | −29.83 | −9.14 | Internal |
- | −0.23 | −2.13 | Normal | |||
500 km | + | −12.33 | −8.77 | Internal | ||
- | −0.10 | −0.62 | Normal | |||
30 kA | 300 km | + | −13.79 | −8.48 | Internal | |
- | 0.15 | −0.84 | Normal | |||
900 km | + | −10.84 | −9.18 | Internal | ||
- | −0.14 | −0.27 | Normal | |||
Back- flashover | 120 kA | 10 km | + | −38.95 | −11.56 | Internal |
- | −0.34 | −2.40 | Normal | |||
1200 km | + | −9.46 | −12.06 | Internal | ||
- | −0.57 | 0.88 | Normal | |||
200 kA | 1095 km | + | −28.07 | −27.16 | Internal | |
- | −26.86 | −28.61 | Internal | |||
2100 km | + | −25.49 | −33.10 | Internal | ||
- | −25.23 | −28.75 | Internal | |||