From: A critical review of the integration of renewable energy sources with various technologies
 | Technologies of Flexibility | Technologies of Grid |  | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distributed response to demand | Conventional Generators Distributed | Storage of Distributed | Changes to distributed VRE generators | Filters in harmony | Limiter systems currently in use | State approximate distribution grid solutions | Solutions for Voltage management of distribution grids | Adapted protective equipment approaches | Strengthening/expansion of distribution grid | ||
Limited VRE generator dispatch-ability | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | Balance |
Insufficient appropriateness of short-term generation | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Inadequate firmness of VRE engines | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Insufficient VRE generator forecast | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Insufficient adequacy for long term generation | X | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Rising excursions at the local voltage | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | Quality |
Unreliable shutdown at blackout | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Stepping up harmonic distortions | X | X | X | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | |
Increasing flicker | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | √ | |
Increasing interactions between controls | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | Stability |
Diminishing reserves of frequency control | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Insufficient synchronization of the voltage trip limits | X | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Insufficient coordination of frequency travel limits | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Decreasing level of inertia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Diminishing short-circuit power | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Insufficient supply of reactive capacity | X | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Greater transmission distances | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | Flow |
Missing capacity on the transmission grid | X | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
Narrow limits of the trip voltage | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | |
VRE generation lacking visibility | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | |
VRE generation lacks controllability | X | X | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | |
Increasing currents on short-circuits | √ | X | X | X | √ | √ | X | X | √ | X | |
Insufficient nature of the defines | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | √ | √ | X | |
Flow patterns from lower grid rates are highly erratic | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | |
Missing room on the distribution grid | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | |
Increasing excursions to the regional voltage | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X |